What does management by objectives include?

Management by objectives is a strategic approach that focuses on defining specific, measurable goals that are agreed upon by both management and employees. This process involves developing and issuing assignments, plans, procedures, and protocols to ensure that everyone understands their roles in achieving these goals. By creating clear and structured tasks, management is able to effectively guide individuals and teams toward achieving desired outcomes, especially in the context of incident management where timely and coordinated efforts are crucial.

The emphasis on communication and clear directives in option B aligns with the principles of management by objectives, facilitating accountability and focused efforts in response to incidents. This approach helps establish a common understanding of objectives and means, which is essential for success in managing resources and responding effectively in crisis situations.

Establishing vague or subjective goals as suggested in the first option does not provide the necessary clarity or direction needed in an emergency management context. Meanwhile, eliminating communication or focusing solely on annual reports would hinder the collaborative and timely efforts required in incident management.